Beer was a companion of human beings throughout millennia. From the beginning of its development in Mesopotamian civilizations until its resurgence in the modern era. Currently, with the explosion of craft beer. Its history is a fascinating story of innovation, culture and coexistence.
Origins and ancient legacy
The origins of beer date back to ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians made an early version of this drink from fermented barley grains. More like a thick brew than modern varieties, it featured prominently in religious rituals and festivals.
In ancient Egypt, it also played an important role in daily life. Fermented barley bread was the basis of its preparation, and was widely consumed by all social classes. The Egyptian goddess of beer, Tenenit, reflects the reverence that this drink was held in Egyptian culture.
During the Middle Ages, European monasteries became centers of production of this drink. The monks improved manufacturing techniques. Even during times of religious fasting, they used it as a source of nutrition. This monastic beer was of high quality. It became a source of income for the monasteries.
The industrial revolution and modern beer
With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, beer underwent a significant transformation. Improvements in technology and production processes allowed for large-scale production and wider distribution. Commercial breweries sprang up around the world, and it became a popular drink in modern society.
In recent decades, we have witnessed a resurgence of interest in craft beer. Small independent breweries have sprung up around the world, offering a variety of unique styles and flavors. Consumers increasingly value quality and craftsmanship, leading to a resurgence of beer culture and greater appreciation of this ancient beverage.
Climate change also affects beer
A recent study in the journal Nature Communications highlights how climate changes in Europe are affecting the production of hops, a key ingredient in beer. However, increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall are reducing yields and the concentration of compounds that give it its refreshing acidity.
The research, focusing on data from the Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia and Poland, revealed a 9.5% to 19.4% decline in yields between 1995-2018, compared to 1971-1994.
A decrease in the concentration of alpha acids, responsible for bitterness, was also found. Looking to the future, a worrying trend is projected
This panorama represents a challenge for beer producers. It is estimated that in southern and central Europe it will be necessary to increase the area dedicated to hops by 20% to compensate for the future decrease in alpha acid concentration and production. Therefore, cultivation practices and adaptation strategies will be essential to maintain beer quality and supply in the future.
From its humble origins in ancient civilizations to its prominent role in modern society, beer is a witness and protagonist of human history.
