According to a United Nations report, desertification is increasing around the world, especially in areas prone to arid, semi-arid and dry climates. Over the last century, this phenomenon has significantly affected the planet's arable land, with an estimated loss of one third. China, in particular, faces serious consequences, with 27.4% of its territory turned into desert, affecting 400 million people. As a possible solution, China started the project called The Great Green Wall.
Causes and Consequences of Desertification
In China, desertification manifests itself in various ways:
- Sand storms devouring thousands of square kilometers of agricultural land
- Wind and water erosion problems, with loss of water and soil.
- Salinization and desertification of rocks.
Climate change added to the increase in population in dry areas aggravates this situation, exceeding the carrying capacity and ecological restoration of the area.
Faced with this crisis, China launched an unprecedented reforestation project, known as the Great Green Wall. It started in 1978 and its main objective is to stop the expansion of the Gobi Desert and provide forest resources to local communities.
However, its scope evolves over time, now including the planting of a “wall” of trees that will stretch approximately 4,500 kilometers through several cities.
Successful Reforestation: Creation of a Carbon Sink
In an effort to offset their carbon footprint, they planted around 66,000 trees, mainly of the Enterolobium cyclocarpum species and others from the Fagaceae family. This choice is due to its notable adaptability to different types of terrain.
Researchers reveal that this ambitious reforestation project has led to the formation of a significant carbon sink. But what does this mean?
This sink was able to absorb 5% of China's total industrial CO₂ emissions during the period from 1978 to 2017. This represents a significant step towards climate change mitigation.
Positive Environmental Impact
Mass tree planting not only benefits the environment, but also has a positive effect on air quality and local biodiversity. In addition to their crucial role in carbon absorption, these trees provide habitats for various species of flora and fauna.
This case exemplifies the importance of reforestation efforts in the fight against climate change. It is not just about planting trees, but creating sustainable ecosystems that can play a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Positive Environmental Impact
Desertification is a global problem that requires urgent action. China, with its large-scale reforestation project, shows a relevant commitment in the fight against this destructive phenomenon. However, the challenge remains and international cooperation is significant to effectively address this environmental challenge.
