Concern is spreading among Spanish ranchers due to the proliferation of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHE), also popularly misnamed as “cow covid.” The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food warns that this is one of the most serious threats to the livestock industry today.
The EHE in Europe
A year ago, Europe faced the first case of a fatal equine disease (EHE), which was detected in Italy. Since then, this evil crossed borders and reached Spain, spreading in recent months also to Portugal, France and Switzerland. As of today, all corners of our country have reported cases, according to official data from the Ministry of Health.
However, it is crucial to note that this disease, although worrying, is not related to COVID-19 and does not represent a threat to humans. It is an infectious viral disease that affects only animals.
The threat of contagion affects both domestic and wild animals. While cattle and sheep are especially vulnerable, goats show less susceptibility. On the other hand, deer are at high risk of contracting the disease.
History and characteristics of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHE)
Historically, this disease circulated in North America, Africa, Asia and Australia. A mosquito has carried the virus, taking advantage of climate change to colonize previously inaccessible areas. Initially, it emerged in southern Europe and has now spread to France, with reports of cases in Switzerland as well. In turn, both the increase in the population of wild ruminants, as well as areas affected by drought, are favorable conditions for the spread of the virus.
“Covid of cows” is a terminology in popular use, but it is not accurate in scientific use. Both Covid and EHE share some characteristics such as that they are caused by a virus, there is no vaccine or effective treatment and they are very contagious. But EHE is not an exclusive disease of cattle, all ruminants are at risk.
Fever, lack of appetite, inflammation of the tongue, excess saliva, peeling skin on the muzzle, lameness, watery eyes and runny nose are just some of the signs that cattle can present when faced with this disease. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the effects may vary depending on the animal species.
For livestock farmers, EHE is mandatory to report, because it has a high degree of contagion and can cause significant economic losses. Therefore, it is advisable that all those who live in areas susceptible to contagion remain alert to adopt measures to prevent the spread.